PFPS: Priority-First Packet Scheduler for IEEE 802.15.4 Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents priority-first packet scheduling approach for heterogeneous traffic flows in low data rate heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs). A delay sensitive or emergency event occurrence demands the data delivery on the priority basis over regular monitoring sensing applications. In addition, handling sudden multi-event data and achieving their reliability requirements distinctly becomes the challenge and necessity in the critical situations. To address this problem, this paper presents distributed approach of managing data transmission for simultaneous traffic flows over multi-hop topology, which reduces the load of a sink node; and helps to make a life of the network prolong. For this reason, heterogeneous traffic flows algorithm (CHTF) algorithm classifies the each incoming packets either from source nodes or downstream hop node based on the packet priority and stores them into the respective queues. The PFPS-EDF and PFPS-FCFS algorithms present scheduling for each data packets using priority weight. Furthermore, reporting rate is timely updated based on the queue level considering their fairness index and processing rate. The reported work in this paper is validated in ns2 (ns2.32 allinone) simulator by putting the network into each distinct cases for validation of presented work and real time TestBed. The protocol evaluation presents that the distributed queue-based PFPS scheduling mechanism works efficiently using CSMA/CA MAC protocol of the IEEE 802.15.4 sensor networks

VSRS: Variable Service Rate Scheduler for Low Rate Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper proposes a variable service rate scheduler VSRS for heterogeneous wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs). Due to recent advancement, various applications are being upgraded using sensor networks. Generally, traffic consists of delay sensitive and delay tolerant applications. Handling such traffic simultaneously is a critical challenge in IEEE 802.15.4 sensor network. However, the standard CSMA/CA does not focus on traffic-based data delivery. Therefore, this paper presents a solution for prioritybased traffic over no-priority i.e. regular traffic using CSMA/CA IEEE 802.15.4 MAC sublayer. The VSRS scheduler uses a queuing model for scheduling incoming traffic at an actor node using a dual queue. The scheduler updates priority of each incoming packet dynamically using network priority weight metric. The VSRS scheduler scans queues and picks the highest network priority packet. A packet weight is updated after selection from the respective queue. This core operation of an actor node offers good packet delivery ratio, throughput, and less delay experience of long distance traveled packets against no priority traffic. The work is validated using theoretical analysis and computer generated network simulators; proves that the priority based approach using weight factor works better over the First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) mechanism

A Data Transmission Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Priority Approach

Recent development in the field of a wireless sensor network has shown the significant improvement and has emerged as a new energy efficient wireless technology for low data rate applications. Handling different types of event data altogether is a crucial task in the sensor networks. This paper presents the solution to the problem of heterogeneous data transmission of long distance prioritised nodes in low data rate wireless sensor networks (LR-WSNs). The solution comprises three main algorithms, namely data reporting, traffic scheduling, and centralised reporting rate mechanism. The data reporting algorithm reports the demanded data in each specified decision window size with variable reporting rate. The traffic aware packet scheduling algorithm performs the packet reprioritisation and scheduling. The priority assignment is designed based on the data priority and hop count. It serves transient traffic against newly sensed packets, or less hop distance travelled packets. As a result, it minimises the chances of dying earlier than its deadline. The third algorithm presents the flexible data gathering approach based on the level of the buffer either sensed by its own or recently received information from hop node. It uses a decision interval window for managing the frequency of data delivery. This centralised decision approach makes the sink node more adaptive for data gathering and controlling the active source nodes. This multi-tier framework functions over CSMA/CA due to its unique feature of energy saving, especially for LR-WSNs. The reported work is simulated and examined over various scenarios in the multi-hop wireless sensor networks. Moreover, the performance of the scheduler proves better data transmission rate for prioritybased traffic over regular traffic flows; approximately 7% over First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) and 5% against Precedence Control Scheme (PCS) mechanism using theoretical analysis and computer simulations

PriTLP: A Priority-based Transport Layer Protocol for Low Rate Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract This paper presents a solution for priority-based data transmission in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Considering the requirements of each event separately while delivering a data simultaneously is a challenging task in the sensor networks. Therefore, we present the PriTLP protocol for prioritizing the information at various data processing units in the multi-hop topology network. It brings a distributed approach for taking decisions on behalf of the sink node which fastens the data processing, reduces the communication delays, and prolongs the network life. It performs two operations, namely data prioritization and scheduling; and identifying the congestion degree of the network. The reported work is implemented and validated over the RF TestBed by managing the buffer level. It shows high packet delivery ratio, greater throughput, and fewer communication delays of high priority-based traffic flow over regular flows

A Survey on the Revamped Future of Transport

Transport, a movement activity from home to work, studyor market place is one of the basic needs like food, shelter clothes. Nowadays, sharing and adaptive transport services are in demand due to increased traffic and rush to public transport; contributing to saving fuel, fuel cost, and above all time. Transport sharing consists of car sharing, auto-sharing and also bike sharing. . Where in, two or more individuals targeting the same location opts to share transport system. The transport sharing model, especially taxi services also adds various adaptive facilities a one-way and two-way station-based sharing system. These services help individuals to reserve their onlineseats with bus and car-sharing. This paper reviews various existing shared and effective ways of transportation. The observations include different route matching and applied machine learning techniques used by the models which are placed in working using Google maps, APIs, sensors, and Smartphone applications to get and track thedestination.In addition, the manuscript also presents the assessment taken on the communal sphere to acquire various transport facilities adopted by people and the different challenges faced by them

Redefining smartness in township with Internet of Things & Artificial Intelligence: Dholera city

Internet of Things (IoT) with Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the virtue to address the key challenges encountered by the excessive Urban population; contributing to water management, waste management, energy crisis, and many such affairs. The urban city has reached the level of water scarcity with no adequate water supply. The lack of interconnectivity within the city also leads to severe consequences, such as delayed responses to emergency situations along with irregular traffic and infrastructure management. “Dholera” the futuristic city attempt to solve these issues. Dholera is the biggest and India’s first upcoming greenfield smart city solution developed under the Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project in Gujarat, India. We have analyzed a few domains from this township project, to mention a few - Water Management, Waste Management, City Integrated Operation Centre (CIOC) and City portal. This paper spotlights on the novel ideas enhancing the smart city features and the working. Automating the city resources using futuristic technologies like big data analytics, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) would make the city well-functioning. In Dholera city, various sensors are mounted and interconnected to collect the data, monitor it, and communicate the values for dynamic action(s). Dholera has AI-based urban transportation, smart grids, renewable energy, solar power, waste and water management, along with urban farming, contributing to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and improving energy, water and managing traffic issues effectively. Smart cities are well classified as the growth bar contributing to the universal economy. This paper presents various models making the Dholera city a Fast Responsive, Sustainable, Intelligent and well-connected township